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Frequently asked questions and answers of Viscosity in Engineering Chemistry of Chemistry to enhance your skills, knowledge on the selected topic. We have compiled the best Viscosity Interview question and answer, trivia quiz, mcq questions, viva question, quizzes to prepare. Download Viscosity FAQs in PDF form online for academic course, jobs preparations and for certification exams . Intervew Quizz is an online portal with frequently asked interview, viva and trivia questions and answers on various subjects, topics of kids, school, engineering students, medical aspirants, business management academics and software professionals. Interview Question and Answer of Viscosity Question-1. What is viscosity in fluid mechanics? Answer-1: Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Viscosity is a fluid property in which an internal frictional force acts while the fluid is in motion and resist the relative motion. Question-2. How is viscosity typically measured? Answer-2: Viscosity is measured using a viscometer or viscosimeter. Question-3. Define the coefficient of viscosity? Answer-3: It is the tangential force necessary to keep a unit velocity gradient amid two layers each of unit area. Question-4. What are the SI units of viscosity? Answer-4: The SI units of viscosity are Pascal-seconds (Pa·s) or N·s/m2. Question-5. Explain the concept of dynamic viscosity? Answer-5: Dynamic viscosity measures a fluid's internal resistance to shear forces when it flows. It is represented by the symbol η (eta). Question-6. Define fluid? Answer-6: Fluid is a substance which begins to flow when external force is applied on it. Question-7. Give example for fluids? Answer-7: Liquids and gases. Question-8. What is kinematic viscosity, and how is it calculated? Answer-8: Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity (η) to the density (ρ) of a fluid. It is calculated using the formula: ? = η / ρ. Question-9. Why is it important to measure viscosity in various applications? Answer-9: Viscosity measurements are crucial for quality control, process optimization, and understanding fluid behavior in industries like manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Question-10. Name a common instrument used to measure viscosity in a laboratory? Answer-10: A common instrument is the Ostwald viscometer. Question-11. What is Stoke's formula? Answer-11: F=6πrηv , Where r = radius, η = fluid velocity, v = sphere velocity Question-12. What is meant by Reynold's number? Answer-12: Rn=(ρVL)/μ , Where ρ = density, V = flow speed, L = linear dimension, μ = dynamic velocity Question-13. Give the Newton's equation for viscous force? Answer-13: F= -ηA(dvx/dz) Question-14. What is the principle behind the capillary tube viscometer? Answer-14: The capillary tube viscometer measures viscosity by recording the time it takes for a liquid to flow through a narrow tube under gravity. Question-15. Define shear rate? Answer-15: Shear rate is the rate at which adjacent layers
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PRIMARY COURSE TOPICS Fundamental equations and concepts Lesson 1: Governing equations and classification of flows Lesson 2: Comparing laminar and turbulent flows Lesson 3: Characterizing turbulent flowTheoretical concepts in turbulent flows Lesson 4: Time and energyFundamental concepts of turbulence modeling Lesson 5: Modeling approachesModeling turbulence in simulation Lesson 6: What do we know about turbulence modeling? Lesson 7: Deriving and modeling Reynolds stresses Lesson 8: Reynolds Stress Transport (RST) model Lesson 9: Introducing the eddy viscosity models Lesson 10: Modeling Reynolds stresses using the Spalart-Allmaras modelModeling turbulence using two-equation models Lesson 11: Modeling Reynolds stresses using the Standard k-Epsilon model Lesson 12: Modeling Reynolds stresses using the Realizable k-Epsilon model Lesson 13: Modeling Reynolds stresses using the k-Omega model Lesson 14: Limits of the eddy viscosity models Lesson 15: How to account for near wall turbulence effects? Lesson 16: The elliptic relaxation idea Lesson 17: Overview and summary of turbulence models in Simcenter STAR-CCM+Scale resolving simulations and transition modeling Lesson 18: Large eddy simulation model Lesson 19: DES: Mixing RANS and LES Lesson 20: From laminar to turbulent flowViscosity 1 7 10 Download Free - hereuload
The following are approximate capacities. The actual refill capacities may be slightly different. When refilling, follow the proceduredescribed in the “Maintenance and do-it-yourself” section to determine the proper refill capacity. Capacity (Approximate) Recommended Fluids and Lubrica US measure Imp measure Liter Fuel 14-1/2 Gal 12-1/8 Gal 55 L Unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of at least 87 AKI (RON 91) For additional information, refer to “Fuel recommendation. Engine oil Drain and refill QR25DE With oil filter change 4-7/8 qt 4 qt 4.6 L Genuine NISSAN engine oil or equivelant Engine oil with API Certification Mark Viscosity SAE 0W-20 For additional information, refer to “Engine oil and oil filter recommendations” in this section. As an alternative to this recommended oil, SAE 5W-30 conventional petroleum based oil may be used and meet all specifications and requirements necessary to maintain the New Vehicle Limited Warranty. Without oil filter change 4-1/2 qt 3-3/4 qt 4.3 L Cooling system With reservoir 2-1/8 gal 1-3/4 gal 8.1 L Pre-diluted Genuine NISSAN Long Life Antifreeze/Coolant (blue) or equivalent Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) fluid — — — Refill to the proper level according to the instructions in the “Do-it-yourself” section. Genuine NISSAN CVT Fluid NS-3 Use only Genuine NISSAN CVT Fluid NS-3. Using transmission fluid other than Genuine NISSAN CVT Fluid NS-3 will damage the CVT, which is not covered by the NISSAN new vehicle limited warranty. Differential gear oil — — — Genuine NISSAN Differential Oil Hypoid Super GL-5 80W-90 or API GL-5 , viscosity SAE 80W-90 For hot climates, viscosity SAE 90 is suitable for ambient temperatures above 32 F (0°C) Transfer oil — — — Genuine NISSAN Differential Oil Hypoid Super GL-5 80W-90 or API GL-5, viscosity SAE 80W-90 Brake fluid — — — Refill to the proper level according to the instructions in the “Do-it-yourself” section. Genuine NISSAN Super Heavy Duty Brake Fluid (Available in mainland USA through your authorized NISSAN dealer) or equivalent DOT 3 Multi-purpose grease — — — NLGI No. 2 (Lithium Soap base) See your NISSAN dealer for service. Air conditioning system refrigerant — — — HFC-134a (R-134a) For additional information, refer to “Air conditioner system refrigerant and oil recommendations.” See your NISSAN dealer for service. Air conditioning system oil — — — NISSAN A/C System Oil Type ND-OIL8 or equivalent For additional information, refer to “Air conditioner system refrigerant and oil recommendations.” See your NISSAN dealer for service.Viscosity 1 6 7 Download Free - downlfile
The jacket or coil design and the flow regime of the service fluid. Fletcher (1987) provides some useful guidance and the research club, HTFS has also produced a design report for members. The following correlations are recommended:Conventional unbaffled jacket, liquid service with high flow [(Lehrer (1970)](6)where:(7)vi is the velocity at the inlet nozzle or branch and vB is the velocity component due to buoyancy, Dj is the jacket diameter and DT is the vessel diameter.(8)whereis the volumetric flow rate, di is the diameter of the inlet, z is the wetted height of the jacket, β is the fluid thermal expansion coefficient, and ΔTs is the temperature rise of the service fluid. VA is the rise velocity in the jacket annulus and depends on the inlet orientation:(9)Conventional unbaffled jacket, liquid service with high flow [(Lehrer (1970)] (see also Free Convection)(10)Here,K = 0.15 for upward flow, heating; downward flow cooling;K = 0.128 for downward flow heating; upward flow cooling;ΔTm is the mean temperature difference between the service and the vessel wall(11)Baffled or dimpled jacket, liquid service. The service side coefficient for a baffled or dimpled jacket will be greater than for an unbaffled jacket with high flow, therefore the above can be used as a conservative estimate. Using the correlation for a half-pipe coil with the flow area equivalent to the baffle channel is not recommended as it may give an overestimate.Half-pipe coil, liquid service(12)This is the normal Sieder-Tate equation, (see Forced Convective Heat Transfer) applied to the whole jacketed area with the effectiveness factor (E) from Kneale (1969), typically 0.8–1. Nu and Re are based on the hydraulic mean diameter, de:(13)Condensing service. A condensing coefficient in a jacket should be extremely high compared to the process side and normally αs−1 ~ 0. A conservative estimate can be obtained from the Nusselt analysis [see Kern (1950)]:(14)The physical properties refer to the liquid phase and ΔT = Tsat - Twall (see Condensation).Process side heat transfer coefficientThe process side coefficient will be determined by the agitator type and speed. (See also Agitation Devices.) For low viscosity fluids, most turbine-type high-speed agitators can give good performance. For high viscosity and Non-Newtonian Fluids, larger diameter agitators will be required. Harnby et al. (1985) and Oldshue (1983) provide guidance on agitator selection. For Non-Newtonian Fluids, there are two important considerations:A mean apparent viscosity is required to calculate Nu from Re. The normal practice is to estimate it using the Metzner-Otto approach, where:(15)Kmo depends on the agitator type, N is the rotational speed (s -1).The viscosity correction only allows for the effect of temperature near the wall and NOT the distribution of shear rate. It will normally be sufficient to assume an homogeneous distribution of shear rate. CalculationViscosity 1 7 – Graphical User Interface For Openvpn
Definition and conversion dynamic to kinematic viscosity Follow us on Twitter Question, remark ? Contact us at [email protected] 1. Dynamic viscosity 2. Kinematic viscosity The viscosity is one of the fundamental properties of fluid used in almost every physical calculations, for example pressure drop calculation. This page is giving the definitions of 2 viscosity, dynamic and kinematic, and how to convert from one viscosity to another. 1. Dynamic viscosity The dynamic viscosity, often represented by the greek letter μ is a measure of the molecular interactions in the fluid. It is expressed in : Pa.s mPa.s cP (centipoise) It is possible to convert from unit to another thanks to : 1 cP = 1 mPa.s = 0.001 Pa.s 2. Kinematic viscosity The kinematic viscosity, often represented by the greek letter ν and used mainly for liquids, is a measure of the viscosity in the particular situation where the fluid is flowing down because of its own weight. Such a flow is actually dependent on the dynamic viscosity of the fluid but also its weight, represented by the density. The conversion from dynamic viscosity to kinematic viscosity can thus be done thanks to the following formula : ν = μ / ρ With : ν = kinematic viscosity (m2/s) μ = dynamic viscosity (Pa.s = kg/m.s) ρ = fluid density (kg/m3) The kinematic viscosity is measured in St (Stokes) cSt m2/s mm2/s The relation in between each unit is : 1 St = 10-4 m2/s 1 cSt = 0.01 St 1 cSt = 1 mm2/s AD AD -->. Viscosity 9; Vpn 1; Toon resultaten . Downloadtype. Software 9; Toon resultaten . Besturingssysteem. macOS 9; Windows 7 7; Windows 8 7; Windows 10 7; 9 downloads - Pagina 1 van 1 Viscosity 1.9.
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Cooled in a refrigerator is greatly diminished. Previously the viscosity was given in poises (or centipoises, 1 cP 1 mPas). to Non-Newtonian liquids, the exact viscosity of which is difficult to define and may change. Honey in a jar will flow at room temperature, albeit slowly. The results showed that the heat rapidly changed the honeys viscosity The time taken for the pebble to drop decreased dramatically between 20 and 25C My. It is usually represented in centipoise (cps) or poise (100 Centipose 1 poise). What is the highest viscosity Honey is between 2,000 and 10,000 times more viscous than water. Not so fast! Viscosity can be described as the ability of a fluid to flow over itself, and it can be highly dependent on temperature. Viscosity is the measurement of a fluids internal resistance to flow. Viscosity in Centipoise Honey: 10,000 cps: Ketchup: 50,000 cps. The first viscosity appears to be a generic estimate whereas the second refers to a specific commercially available product.Īnswer E appears to be correct. This study compared the viscosity (thickness) of five different liquids thickened to nectar- or honey-like consistencies with a variety of thickening.More research reveals that blended flower honey has a viscosity of approximately 12,200 cP at the same temperature. What is the approximate viscosity of honey in centipoise (cP)?Ī quick internet search shows that the viscosity of honey is 10,000 cP at a room temperature of 21.1☌. Filters and Framesįilters are the main highlight of the Fotor photo editing tool as they make the photo look impressive and aesthetically pleasing. This algorithm benefits users who are just starting with photo editing tools. This can be considered a fast processing mode, and to our surprise, the outcome images are almost perfect, and one does not need to edit the photos manually. This feature helps users do a quick ‘enhancement’ on their images in just a few clicks. This is one of the exciting features of the Fotor software. Now let us look into the Fotor photo design app’s most popular features that make it stand out among the rest of the editorsComments
Frequently asked questions and answers of Viscosity in Engineering Chemistry of Chemistry to enhance your skills, knowledge on the selected topic. We have compiled the best Viscosity Interview question and answer, trivia quiz, mcq questions, viva question, quizzes to prepare. Download Viscosity FAQs in PDF form online for academic course, jobs preparations and for certification exams . Intervew Quizz is an online portal with frequently asked interview, viva and trivia questions and answers on various subjects, topics of kids, school, engineering students, medical aspirants, business management academics and software professionals. Interview Question and Answer of Viscosity Question-1. What is viscosity in fluid mechanics? Answer-1: Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Viscosity is a fluid property in which an internal frictional force acts while the fluid is in motion and resist the relative motion. Question-2. How is viscosity typically measured? Answer-2: Viscosity is measured using a viscometer or viscosimeter. Question-3. Define the coefficient of viscosity? Answer-3: It is the tangential force necessary to keep a unit velocity gradient amid two layers each of unit area. Question-4. What are the SI units of viscosity? Answer-4: The SI units of viscosity are Pascal-seconds (Pa·s) or N·s/m2. Question-5. Explain the concept of dynamic viscosity? Answer-5: Dynamic viscosity measures a fluid's internal resistance to shear forces when it flows. It is represented by the symbol η (eta). Question-6. Define fluid? Answer-6: Fluid is a substance which begins to flow when external force is applied on it. Question-7. Give example for fluids? Answer-7: Liquids and gases. Question-8. What is kinematic viscosity, and how is it calculated? Answer-8: Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity (η) to the density (ρ) of a fluid. It is calculated using the formula: ? = η / ρ. Question-9. Why is it important to measure viscosity in various applications? Answer-9: Viscosity measurements are crucial for quality control, process optimization, and understanding fluid behavior in industries like manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Question-10. Name a common instrument used to measure viscosity in a laboratory? Answer-10: A common instrument is the Ostwald viscometer. Question-11. What is Stoke's formula? Answer-11: F=6πrηv , Where r = radius, η = fluid velocity, v = sphere velocity Question-12. What is meant by Reynold's number? Answer-12: Rn=(ρVL)/μ , Where ρ = density, V = flow speed, L = linear dimension, μ = dynamic velocity Question-13. Give the Newton's equation for viscous force? Answer-13: F= -ηA(dvx/dz) Question-14. What is the principle behind the capillary tube viscometer? Answer-14: The capillary tube viscometer measures viscosity by recording the time it takes for a liquid to flow through a narrow tube under gravity. Question-15. Define shear rate? Answer-15: Shear rate is the rate at which adjacent layers
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2025-03-28PRIMARY COURSE TOPICS Fundamental equations and concepts Lesson 1: Governing equations and classification of flows Lesson 2: Comparing laminar and turbulent flows Lesson 3: Characterizing turbulent flowTheoretical concepts in turbulent flows Lesson 4: Time and energyFundamental concepts of turbulence modeling Lesson 5: Modeling approachesModeling turbulence in simulation Lesson 6: What do we know about turbulence modeling? Lesson 7: Deriving and modeling Reynolds stresses Lesson 8: Reynolds Stress Transport (RST) model Lesson 9: Introducing the eddy viscosity models Lesson 10: Modeling Reynolds stresses using the Spalart-Allmaras modelModeling turbulence using two-equation models Lesson 11: Modeling Reynolds stresses using the Standard k-Epsilon model Lesson 12: Modeling Reynolds stresses using the Realizable k-Epsilon model Lesson 13: Modeling Reynolds stresses using the k-Omega model Lesson 14: Limits of the eddy viscosity models Lesson 15: How to account for near wall turbulence effects? Lesson 16: The elliptic relaxation idea Lesson 17: Overview and summary of turbulence models in Simcenter STAR-CCM+Scale resolving simulations and transition modeling Lesson 18: Large eddy simulation model Lesson 19: DES: Mixing RANS and LES Lesson 20: From laminar to turbulent flow
2025-04-24The following are approximate capacities. The actual refill capacities may be slightly different. When refilling, follow the proceduredescribed in the “Maintenance and do-it-yourself” section to determine the proper refill capacity. Capacity (Approximate) Recommended Fluids and Lubrica US measure Imp measure Liter Fuel 14-1/2 Gal 12-1/8 Gal 55 L Unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of at least 87 AKI (RON 91) For additional information, refer to “Fuel recommendation. Engine oil Drain and refill QR25DE With oil filter change 4-7/8 qt 4 qt 4.6 L Genuine NISSAN engine oil or equivelant Engine oil with API Certification Mark Viscosity SAE 0W-20 For additional information, refer to “Engine oil and oil filter recommendations” in this section. As an alternative to this recommended oil, SAE 5W-30 conventional petroleum based oil may be used and meet all specifications and requirements necessary to maintain the New Vehicle Limited Warranty. Without oil filter change 4-1/2 qt 3-3/4 qt 4.3 L Cooling system With reservoir 2-1/8 gal 1-3/4 gal 8.1 L Pre-diluted Genuine NISSAN Long Life Antifreeze/Coolant (blue) or equivalent Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) fluid — — — Refill to the proper level according to the instructions in the “Do-it-yourself” section. Genuine NISSAN CVT Fluid NS-3 Use only Genuine NISSAN CVT Fluid NS-3. Using transmission fluid other than Genuine NISSAN CVT Fluid NS-3 will damage the CVT, which is not covered by the NISSAN new vehicle limited warranty. Differential gear oil — — — Genuine NISSAN Differential Oil Hypoid Super GL-5 80W-90 or API GL-5 , viscosity SAE 80W-90 For hot climates, viscosity SAE 90 is suitable for ambient temperatures above 32 F (0°C) Transfer oil — — — Genuine NISSAN Differential Oil Hypoid Super GL-5 80W-90 or API GL-5, viscosity SAE 80W-90 Brake fluid — — — Refill to the proper level according to the instructions in the “Do-it-yourself” section. Genuine NISSAN Super Heavy Duty Brake Fluid (Available in mainland USA through your authorized NISSAN dealer) or equivalent DOT 3 Multi-purpose grease — — — NLGI No. 2 (Lithium Soap base) See your NISSAN dealer for service. Air conditioning system refrigerant — — — HFC-134a (R-134a) For additional information, refer to “Air conditioner system refrigerant and oil recommendations.” See your NISSAN dealer for service. Air conditioning system oil — — — NISSAN A/C System Oil Type ND-OIL8 or equivalent For additional information, refer to “Air conditioner system refrigerant and oil recommendations.” See your NISSAN dealer for service.
2025-04-03Definition and conversion dynamic to kinematic viscosity Follow us on Twitter Question, remark ? Contact us at [email protected] 1. Dynamic viscosity 2. Kinematic viscosity The viscosity is one of the fundamental properties of fluid used in almost every physical calculations, for example pressure drop calculation. This page is giving the definitions of 2 viscosity, dynamic and kinematic, and how to convert from one viscosity to another. 1. Dynamic viscosity The dynamic viscosity, often represented by the greek letter μ is a measure of the molecular interactions in the fluid. It is expressed in : Pa.s mPa.s cP (centipoise) It is possible to convert from unit to another thanks to : 1 cP = 1 mPa.s = 0.001 Pa.s 2. Kinematic viscosity The kinematic viscosity, often represented by the greek letter ν and used mainly for liquids, is a measure of the viscosity in the particular situation where the fluid is flowing down because of its own weight. Such a flow is actually dependent on the dynamic viscosity of the fluid but also its weight, represented by the density. The conversion from dynamic viscosity to kinematic viscosity can thus be done thanks to the following formula : ν = μ / ρ With : ν = kinematic viscosity (m2/s) μ = dynamic viscosity (Pa.s = kg/m.s) ρ = fluid density (kg/m3) The kinematic viscosity is measured in St (Stokes) cSt m2/s mm2/s The relation in between each unit is : 1 St = 10-4 m2/s 1 cSt = 0.01 St 1 cSt = 1 mm2/s AD AD -->
2025-04-04