Xtr math
Author: m | 2025-04-23
Custom math functions used to simplify and/or accelerate various calculations - torque-xtr/math-custom
Pok mon Xtr math guy 1 1 - Xtr homework - My
The statistical properties of Diffie–Hellman distributions.” Israel J. Math., 120, 23–46.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Canetti, R., J.B. Friedlander, and I.E. Shparlinski (1999). “On certain exponential sums and the distribution of Diffie–Hellman triples.” J. London Math. Soc., 59, 799–812.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Cherepnev, M.A. (1996). “On the connection between the discrete logarithms and the Diffie–Hellman problem.” Diskretnaja Matem., 6, 341–349 (in Russian).MathSciNet Google Scholar Coppersmith, D. and I.E. Shparlinski (2000). “On polynomial approximation of the discrete logarithm and the Diffie–Hellman mapping.” J. Cryptology, 13, 339–360.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Diffie, W. and M.E. Hellman (1976). “New directions in cryptography.” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 22, 109–112.MathSciNet Google Scholar El Mahassni, E. and I.E. Shparlinski (2001). “Polynomial representations of the Diffie–Hellman mapping.” Bull. Aust. Math. Soc., 63, 467–473.MATH Google Scholar Enge, A. (1999). Elliptic Curves and their Applications to Cryptography. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Google Scholar Friedlander, J.B. and I.E. Shparlinski (2001). “On the distribution of Diffie–Hellman triples with sparse exponents.” SIAM J. Discr. Math., 14, 162–169.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Galbraith, S.D. (2001). “Supersingular curves in cryptography.” Advances in Cryptology—ASIACRYPT 2001, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2248, ed. C. Boyd. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 495–513. Google Scholar Gaudry, P., F. Hess, and N.P. Smart (2002). “Constructive and destructive facets of Weil descent on elliptic curves.” J. Cryptology, 15, 19–46.MathSciNet Google Scholar González Vasco, M.I. and I.E. Shparlinski (2001). “On the security of Diffie–Hellman bits.” Proc. Workshop on Cryptography and Computational Number Theory, Singapore, 1999. Birkhäuser, 257–268. Google Scholar Joux, A. (2000). “A one round protocol for tripartite Diffie–Hellman.” Proc. of ANTS-IV, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1838, ed. W. Bosma. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 385–393. Google Scholar Joux, A. (2002). “The Weil and Tate pairings as building blocks for public key cryptosystems.” Proc. of ANTS V, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2369, eds. D. Kohel and C. Fieker. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 20–32. Google Scholar Koblitz, N. (1987). “Elliptic curve cryptosystems.” Math. Comp., 48, 203–209.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Koblitz, N. “Good and bad uses of elliptic curves in cryptography.” Moscow Math. Journal. To appear. Google Scholar Lenstra, A.K. and E.R. Verheul (2000). “The XTR public key system.” Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1880, ed. M. Bellare. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1–19. Google Scholar Lenstra, A.K. and E.R. Verheul (2000). “Key improvements to XTR.” Advances in Cryptography—ASIACRYPT 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1976, ed. T. Okamoto. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 220–233. Google Scholar Lenstra, A.K. and E.R. Verheul (2001). “Fast irreducibility and subgroup membership testing in XTR.” PKC 2001, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1992, ed. K. Kim. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 73–86. Google Scholar Lenstra, A.K. and E.R. Verheul (2001). “An overview of the XTR public key system.” Proc. the Conf. on Public Key Cryptography And Computational Number Theory, Warsaw 2000. Walter de Gruyter, 151–180. Google Scholar Li, W.-C.W., M. Näslund, and I.E. Shparlinski (2002). “The hidden number problem with the trace and bit security of XTR and LUC.” Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO 2002, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2442, ed. M. Yung. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 433–448. Google Scholar Maurer, U.M. and S. Wolf (1999). “The relationship between breaking the Diffie–Hellman protocol and computing discrete logarithms.” SIAM J. Comp., 28, 1689–1721.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Maurer, U.M. and S. Wolf (2000). “The Diffie–Hellman protocol.” Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 19, 147–171.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Meidl, W. and A. Winterhof (2002). “A polynomial representation of the Diffie–Hellman mapping.” Appl. Algebra in Engin., Commun. and Computing, 13, 313–318.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Menezes, A.J., N. Koblitz, and S.A. Vanstone (2000). “The state of elliptic curve cryptography.” Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 19, 173–193.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Menezes, A.J., P.C. van Oorschot, and S.A. Vanstone (1996). Handbook of Applied Cryptography. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.MATH Google Scholar Miller, V.C. (1986). “Use of elliptic curves in cryptography.” Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO'85 Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 218, ed. H.C. Williams. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 417–426. Google Scholar Pomerance, C. (1987). “Fast, rigorous factorization and discrete logarithm algorithms.” Discrete Algorithms and Complexity. Academic Press, 119–143. Google Scholar Rubin, K. and A. Silverberg (2002). “Supersingular abelian varieties in cryptology.” Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO 2002, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2442, ed. M. Yung. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 336–353. Google Scholar Schirokauer, O. (1993). “Discrete logarithms and local units.” Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A, 345, 409–423.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Schirokauer, O., D. Weber, and T. Denny (1996). “Discrete logarithms: The effectiveness of the index calculus method.” Proceedings of ANTS-II, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1122, ed. H. Cohen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 337–362. Google Scholar Shoup, V. (1997). “Lower bounds for discrete logarithms and related problems.” Advances in Cryptology—EUROCRYPT'97, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1233, ed. W. Fumy. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 256–266. Google Scholar Shparlinski, I.E. (2003). Cryptographic Applications of Analytic Number Theory. Birkhäuser. Google Scholar Smith, P.J. and C.T. Skinner (1995). “A public-key cryptosystem and a digital signature system based on the Lucas function analogue to discrete logarithms.” Advances in Cryptography—ASIACRYPT'94, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 917, eds. J. Pieprzyk and R. Safavi-Naini. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 357–364. Google Scholar Stinson, D.R. (1995). Cryptography: Theory and Practice. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. Google Scholar Winterhof, A. (2001). “A note on the interpolation of the Diffie–Hellman mapping.” Bull. Aust. Math. Soc., 64, 475–477.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Download referencesGitHub - torque-xtr/math-custom: Custom math functions used to
Most bicycle chainrings have holes spaced around a bolt circle to attach them to the crank,.Aftermarket and less prominent brands tend to use the same bolt-circle patterns as the major brands. Since approximately 2010, there has been a rash of new bolt-hole patterns with uneven spacings. This crib sheet is accurate about incompatibility, but does not necessarily guarantee compatibility, which may depend on more than the bolt-hole pattern. Details about other factors affecting compatibility are on a separate page. Identification using templates With our PDF templates -- example at right -- you can directly check the BCD for all chainrings in commercial production, old and new, of which we know. You identify the bolt pattern by laying a chainring down on a template printout and rotating the chainring until the bolt holes align. The templates also let you quickly determine a chainring's tooth count. The tables at the bottom of this page give dimensions for major brands. Come back to this page to find out which common brands and models use the bolt pattern that you have identified. Measurement using a ruler You may use the tables on this page to measure bolt circles using a ruler. Instructions have been moved to a separate page. Tables of bolt-circle diameters 4-bolt, even spacing 4-bolt, uneven spacing 5-bolt 6- and 3-bolt 4-Bolt Cranks/Chainwheels, even spacing: For uneven spacings, see the next section of this table. Beware of near-matches! Measure! The BCD is 1.414, 1/sin 45°, times the spacing between adjacent holes.BCD (mm)SmallestRingBetween adjacent holes(mm)Application14644103.2Shimano XTR M960 Hollowtech 4-arm outer. 120 36 84.9 SRAM 2 x 10 and XX. Threaded.1123479.2Shimano XTR M950, M952 4-arm middle/outer 110 34 77.8 FSA K-Force Light, Vero Pro1043073.5Shimano XT, LX 4-arm outer 12 SPD, Sugino MX350. Some are threaded. See RaceFace compatibility table.1023272.1Shimano 2003 XTR MX960 4-arm middle, 96 30 67.9 Shimano compact triple cranksets models M782, M672, M622, M612 94 30 66.5 SRAM XO1, X1, GX, NX 90 30 63.6 FSA: K-Force Modular Supercompact, Omega Pro, Powerbox Supercompact Stealth, Road Modular, Vero Pro 88 28 62.2 Shimano M985 68 22 48.1 Shimano XTR M950, M952 4-arm inner,. Custom math functions used to simplify and/or accelerate various calculations - torque-xtr/math-custom Custom math functions used to simplify and/or accelerate various calculations - math-custom/mc_viz.py at main torque-xtr/math-custommath-custom/mc_viz.py at main torque-xtr/math-custom - GitHub
Ride FeelBased on frame geometry and build specs.GearingA bike with lower gearing will be easier to ride up steep hills, while a higher top end means it will pedal faster down hills.Spec LevelBased on build material and quality level of the frame, fork, wheelset, groupset, suspension system, and more.Sizing185cm, size LG, Just rightView detailsTrek E-Caliber 9.9 XTR: first ride on £10,750 XC e-racebike - MBRApr 2021 · James BraceyThe new Trek E-Caliber 9.9 XTR electric XC mountain bike has got the looks, spec and price to turn heads and could be a glimpse into the e-bike future.Almost zero negative transition when pushing the E-Caliber past the motor cut-off.The combined low weight and non-invasive nature of the Fazua motor system creates a marvellously natural feeling e-bike.Front and rear end offer different performance characteristics.Range is disappointing.You could buy a Supercaliber or a Slash, and a Rail e-bike for less than the cost of the E-Caliber 9.9 XTR.Read ReviewFirst Ride: Trek E-CaliberFeb 2021 · Ryan PalmerThe Trek E-Caliber is based off the Supercaliber, Trek’s lightest, fastest, World Cup Cross Country race machine.Read ReviewTrek E-Caliber 9.9 XTR ReviewFeb 2021Price: $11499.99.00 | Model Year: 2021 | One of the lightest and fastest full suspension cross country ebikes available today, weighing just 36.6lbs with pedals. Carbon frame, crank arms, seat post, handlebar, and rims, the bike comes in four sizes. Designed around Boost hub spacing with 15mm and 12mm thru-axles for improved stiffness and support for wider tires. The battery and motor are built into a removable drivepack that can be swapped for an empty storage box so you can ride as a lightweight acoustic bike at just 30.1lbs.One of the lightest and fastest full suspension cross country ebikes available today, weighing just 36.6lbs with pedals. Carbon frame, crank arms, seat post, handlebar, and rims, the bike comes in four sizes. Designed around Boost hub spacing with 15mm and 12mm thru-axles for improved stiffness and support for wider tires. The battery and motor are built into a removable drivepack that can be swapped for an empty storage box so you can ride as a lightweight acoustic bike at just 30.1lbs.High quality Fox Factor air shocks front and rear. Unique single pivot strut design in the rear eliminates chain length changes and kickback while keeping weight as low as possible. Both shocks deliver remote lockout through a single lever near the left grip, which allows for efficient transitions from smooth to rough terrain. The bike ships with an additional lever that mounts at the dropper module for an optional seat post dropper.Quiet Fazua motor is lighter than most competing products but still provides good torque for steeper climbs, up to 55 newton meters. Exceptional 12-speed Shimano XTR drivetrain with enormous 10-51 tooth cassette and narrow-wide chainring to reduce drops on bumpy terrain. The XTR shifters perform very well and the rear hub has additional pawls for near instant pickup when you begin pedaling.Limited 252 watt hour battery capacity compared to other current-generation products, and the battery must FSA Comet Modular642245.3Shimano XTR M960, XT, LX 4-arm inner. See RaceFace compatibility table. 58 20 41.0 Sugino MX350 4-arm inner 4-Bolt Cranks/Chainwheels, uneven spacing: Measurements between adjacent holes of uneven patterns are adjusted to nearest whole degree of angle between bolt holes, reflecting probable correct values. The first number given is for holes nearest the crank. If there are three spacings, the last and smallest is for holes opposite the crank. BCD (mm)SmallestRingBetween adjacent holes(mm)Application 145 44 111.1, 93.2 Campagnolo Super Record, Record, Chorus 2015- outer 123 38 93.9, 79.1 Campagnolo Chorus, Ekar. Some also have holes at 96mm for inner chainring. 112 34 85.8, 72.0 Campagnolo Super Record, Record, Chorus 2015- inner 110 34 90.1, 63.1 Shimano Dura Ace 9000, Ultegra 6800, 105 5800, GRX outer, Tiagra 4703, 4700; Dura Ace with modification1103489.0, 64.7SRAM Apex 1. 72/108 degree angles. Shimano is 70, 110 degrees. 110 34 84.3, 77.8, 70.7 FSA Gossamer ABS, K-Force ABS, Powerbox, SL-K ABS 107 34 (?) 86.6, 62.9 SRAM X-Sync 100 32 92.7, 64.3, 58.8 3T Torno. Must use 3T bolts. Looks like a 5-bolt pattern with one bolt missing. 96 30 78.6, 55.1 Shimano XT M8000, SLX M7000, Deore M6000, 10mm holes; XTR M9000 and M9020, M7 threaded holes. 96 36 73.5, 67.9, 61.7 FSA 96/68 SLK MTB ABS 96 32 73.5, 61.7 Campagnolo Chorus 80 30 65.5, 45.9 Shimano GRX inner 76 26 65.8, 48.9 FSA Afterburner, Comet, K-Korce, SLK MTB ABS 76 25 62.3, 53.7, 48.9 SRAM XX1 11-speed, Cannondale, Specialized Stout. Threaded for M8 bolts. 68 22 52.1, 48.1, 43.7 FSA Comet MTB Modular, Comet triple, K-Force Modular, SL-K MTB Modular, V-Drive MTB Modular 64 22 52.4, 36.7 Shimano XT, SLX, XTR 11-speed with the "X" shaped bolt pattern. 5-Bolt Cranks/Chainwheels: The BCD when holes are evenly spaced is: 1.701, 1/sin 36°, times the spacing between adjacent holes, 1.052 , 1/sin 72°, times the spacing between non-adjacent holes. BCD (mm) Smallest Ring Between adjacent holes (mm) Between non-adjacent holes (mm) Application 151 44 88.8 143.6 Very old Campagnolo standard (pre '67) (Obsolete) 144 41 84.6 137.0 Old Campagnolo standard, still usedmath-custom/mc_trig.py at main torque-xtr/math-custom - GitHub
Όταν χρησιμοποιούμε το λειτουργικό μας σύστημα, γεμίζει με προσωρινά αρχεία και ρυθμίσεις που σιγά-σιγά επιβραδύνουν όλο και περισσότερο το σύστημα και προκαλούν τυχαία σφάλματα σε όλο το σύστημα. Ευτυχώς, υπάρχουν εφαρμογές ειδικά σχεδιασμένες για καθαρίστε και βελτιστοποιήστε το λειτουργικό μας σύστημα , αφήνοντάς το ως την πρώτη μέρα και έχοντας έτσι την καλύτερη δυνατή απόδοση και ένα από αυτά τα εργαλεία είναι Εργαλειοθήκη XTR .Γενικά δεν συνιστούμε τη χρήση του Καθαριστικά και βελτιστοποιητές Windows (όπως το TuneUP ή το Ccleaner) καθώς αυτές είναι συνήθως κλειστές πηγές και εμπορικές εφαρμογές. Ωστόσο, αν και δεν είμαστε παθιασμένοι Εργαλειοθήκη XTR , αυτή η εφαρμογή είναι διαφορετική από τις άλλες, και το λογισμικό είναι δωρεάν και ανοιχτού κώδικα, ώστε να μπορούμε να γνωρίζουμε ακριβώς τι κάνει και πώς το κάνει, φροντίζοντας ότι δεν θα βλάψει τίποτα. εργασίες βελτιστοποίησης.Μερικές από τις εργασίες καθαρισμού , η βελτιστοποίηση και η διόρθωση σφαλμάτων που εκτελούνται από αυτό το λογισμικό είναι:Αναδημιουργία της προσωρινής μνήμης γραμματοσειρών και εικονιδίων.Επανεκκινήστε το Windows Event Viewer.Απεγκαταστήστε τις εφαρμογές των Windows.Εξάλειψη της τηλεμετρίας.Διαχείριση υπηρεσιών εκκίνησης και συστήματοςΑυτό μας επιτρέπει να επεξεργαστούμε το αρχείο Hosts συστήματος.Διαγραφή ανεπιθύμητων αρχείων (προσωρινά, προσωρινή μνήμη, ενημερώσεις, αναφορές σφαλμάτων κ.λπ.).Σας επιτρέπει να διαχειριστείτε τις επεκτάσεις του Google Chrome.Σε αντίθεση με άλλα καθαριστικά, αυτό το εργαλείο καταλαμβάνει λιγότερο από 3 MB και μπορεί να λειτουργήσει χωρίς να χρειάζεται να εγκατασταθεί στον υπολογιστή σας. Η ίδια η εφαρμογή είναι πολύ γρήγορη και ο κινητήρας χρησιμοποιεί προηγμένες τεχνολογίες για την εκτέλεση του καθαρισμού, ο οποίος είναι πολύ πιο γρήγορος και αποδοτικός, χωρίς λειτουργίες ή οτιδήποτε άλλο περιττό.Όπως έχουμε ήδη εξηγήσει, αυτή η εφαρμογή είναι εντελώς δωρεάν και ανοιχτού κώδικα , έτσι μπορούμε λήψη από τη σελίδα του GitHub .Παρόλο που φαίνεται ότι δεν διαθέτει ορισμένα χαρακτηριστικά, το Εργαλειοθήκη XTR a en κάνει ό, τι χρειάζεται για τον καθαρισμό και τη βελτιστοποίηση των Windows πολύ εύκολα και σε δευτερόλεπτα. Όταν το τρέχουμε, το πρώτο πράγμα που θα δούμε είναι μια διεπαφή, η οποία δεν είναι ιδιαίτερα όμορφη, αλλά μας δίνει, με μια ματιά, πρόσβαση σε όλες τις λειτουργίες καθαρισμού της.Αν και η εφαρμογή είναι στα Αγγλικά (ο προγραμματιστής σκοπεύει να τη μεταφράσει σε άλλες γλώσσες σύντομα), οι επιλογές είναι αρκετά κατανοητές. Για παράδειγμα, για να διαγράψουμε προσωρινά αρχεία από τον υπολογιστή, πρέπει να κάνουμε την επιλογή " Καθαριστικό ανεπιθύμητων αρχείων Και θα δούμε ένα νέο παράθυρο στο οποίο θα επιλέξετε τους τύπους αρχείων που θέλετε να διαγράψετε, θα σαρώσετε το σύστημα και θα διαγράψετε όλα τα δεδομένα.Σε ο Ενότητα " Εργαλεία απορρήτου ", Θα βρούμε τις επιλογές για την εξάλειψη των εφαρμογών των Windows και των λειτουργιών τηλεμετρίας, στο" Γρήγορα εργαλεία »Λειτουργίες επιδιόρθωσης της κρυφής μνήμης εικονιδίων και γραμματοσειρών και μέσα» Άλλα εργαλεία »Εργαλεία για τη διαχείριση εφαρμογών, την εκκίνηση των Windows και την παροχήxtrtoolbox.blogspot.co.id - XTR Toolbox - XTR Toolbox Blogspot
A composite material rather than wood, but this is true of all outdoor tables. So, it’s a broad weakness of these tables rather than the Nova Pro Plus specifically. Regarding outdoor models, I found it to be one of the better models for bounce.Back to the positives: the table’s frame is made from galvanized steel. This sits on a 30 mm x 30 undercarriage that’s rust-resistant and safe.Yet where the Nova Pro Plus excels is portability. This table has eight 6″ double-locking casters, meaning it can tackle some seriously tough terrain. Long grass? No problem. Bumpy cobble? Easy-peasy. This table is among the best you can get if maneuverability is your primary goal. Few tables have wheels larger than 4″, so double 6″ wheels are incredible. The table also has folding legs and comes in two sections like most, making it easy to move around. You can also set it in a playback position to practice by yourself.Furthermore, the Nova Pro Plus ping pong table has a weatherproof net set that is simple to set up and isn’t fiddly like some of the nets I’ve seen. Like other good tables, it has leg levelers to ensure the table is as flat as possible, a very handy feature, especially on an outdoor table tennis table. Overall the JOOLA Nova Pro Plus is one of the best indoor outdoor ping pong table models. It’s particularly great for buyers who must wheel their table considerable distances.#3. STIGA XTR Outdoor — Good Budget PickSpecificationsDimensions – 9 x 5 feet (regulation-size table)Assembly – 15 minutes (95% preassembled)Surface – 6 mm aluminum composite surfaceWeight – 166 lbsPrice – $$ (See the latest price)Our rating – 9.1/10 (See our full review here)ProsReasonably pricedSolo playback modeNests for compact storageQuick assemblyCons60-day warranty periodPoor bounce compared to indoor modelsUp next is the STIGA XTR, a great outdoor full-size table tennis table built to withstand all that Mother Nature can throw at it. The 6 mm aluminum top is made with an exterior grade powder coating, and the legs are made with waterproof galvanized steel that won’t rust and is resistant. Custom math functions used to simplify and/or accelerate various calculations - torque-xtr/math-customxtrtoolbox.blogspot.de - XTR Toolbox - XTR Toolbox Blogspot
To sun damage. These materials make it perfect for all-year-round play in all climates. It’s built to resist moisture, which can cause even the best indoor table tennis tables to warp and lose shape.The 1.5-inch tubular steel apron supports the table top and ensures the bounce is even across the whole table’s surface. I found it incredibly easy to fold away when not in use due to its self-opening feature that automatically deploys its steel legs when opening or closing it. Like other tables, it has adjustable leg levelers and strong 3″ locking wheels for easy and safe transport.The main area that the STIGA XTR suffers is its warranty, which is one of the worst among the tables I looked at. With just 60 days of coverage, it leaves much to be desired. Fortunately, it seems to hold up to the elements rather well and is one of the most popular tables for indoor and outdoor use.If you are budget-friendly, you could also check out the STIGA XTR Pro, which has bigger wheels and a thicker frame. Both come with a 72″ weather-resistant tournament-grade net and post set that is made to last and keep its tension.#4. JOOLA United Pro OutdoorSpecificationsDimensions – 9 x 5 feet (regulation-size table)Assembly – 15 minutes (comes 95% preassembled)Surface – 6 mm thick aluminum-plastic compositeWeight – 144 lbsPrice – $$ (Check the latest price)Our rating – 8.9/10 (Our JOOLA Nova review)ProsWell-pricedSolo playback modeNests for compact storageQuick assemblyCons1-year warranty periodPoor bounce compared to indoor modelsThe JOOLA United Pro Outdoor (also called the Nova DX) is the model down from the Nova Pro Plus. It sports the same design structure but falls short in one key area: its locking casters. They measure 3″ in diameter and are single wheels. This pales compared to the 6″ double wheels present for the Nova Pro Plus. Of course, the advantage of choosing this model is the price. You can pick it up for $100 less, which is quite the saving when you consider the only area the Pro Plus beats it is its wheels. Other than that they seem toComments
The statistical properties of Diffie–Hellman distributions.” Israel J. Math., 120, 23–46.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Canetti, R., J.B. Friedlander, and I.E. Shparlinski (1999). “On certain exponential sums and the distribution of Diffie–Hellman triples.” J. London Math. Soc., 59, 799–812.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Cherepnev, M.A. (1996). “On the connection between the discrete logarithms and the Diffie–Hellman problem.” Diskretnaja Matem., 6, 341–349 (in Russian).MathSciNet Google Scholar Coppersmith, D. and I.E. Shparlinski (2000). “On polynomial approximation of the discrete logarithm and the Diffie–Hellman mapping.” J. Cryptology, 13, 339–360.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Diffie, W. and M.E. Hellman (1976). “New directions in cryptography.” IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 22, 109–112.MathSciNet Google Scholar El Mahassni, E. and I.E. Shparlinski (2001). “Polynomial representations of the Diffie–Hellman mapping.” Bull. Aust. Math. Soc., 63, 467–473.MATH Google Scholar Enge, A. (1999). Elliptic Curves and their Applications to Cryptography. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. Google Scholar Friedlander, J.B. and I.E. Shparlinski (2001). “On the distribution of Diffie–Hellman triples with sparse exponents.” SIAM J. Discr. Math., 14, 162–169.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Galbraith, S.D. (2001). “Supersingular curves in cryptography.” Advances in Cryptology—ASIACRYPT 2001, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2248, ed. C. Boyd. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 495–513. Google Scholar Gaudry, P., F. Hess, and N.P. Smart (2002). “Constructive and destructive facets of Weil descent on elliptic curves.” J. Cryptology, 15, 19–46.MathSciNet Google Scholar González Vasco, M.I. and I.E. Shparlinski (2001). “On the security of Diffie–Hellman bits.” Proc. Workshop on Cryptography and Computational Number Theory, Singapore, 1999. Birkhäuser, 257–268. Google Scholar Joux, A. (2000). “A one round protocol for tripartite Diffie–Hellman.” Proc. of ANTS-IV, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1838, ed. W. Bosma. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 385–393. Google Scholar Joux, A. (2002). “The Weil and Tate pairings as building blocks for public key cryptosystems.” Proc. of ANTS V, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2369, eds. D. Kohel and C. Fieker. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 20–32. Google Scholar Koblitz, N. (1987). “Elliptic curve cryptosystems.” Math. Comp., 48, 203–209.MATH MathSciNet Google Scholar Koblitz, N. “Good and bad uses of elliptic curves in cryptography.” Moscow Math. Journal. To appear. Google Scholar Lenstra, A.K. and E.R. Verheul (2000). “The XTR public key system.” Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1880, ed. M. Bellare. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1–19. Google Scholar Lenstra, A.K. and E.R. Verheul (2000). “Key improvements to XTR.” Advances in Cryptography—ASIACRYPT 2000, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1976, ed. T. Okamoto. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 220–233. Google Scholar Lenstra, A.K. and E.R. Verheul (2001). “Fast irreducibility and subgroup membership testing in XTR.” PKC 2001, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1992, ed. K. Kim. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 73–86. Google Scholar Lenstra, A.K. and E.R. Verheul (2001). “An overview of the XTR public key system.” Proc. the Conf. on Public Key Cryptography
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2025-04-13Most bicycle chainrings have holes spaced around a bolt circle to attach them to the crank,.Aftermarket and less prominent brands tend to use the same bolt-circle patterns as the major brands. Since approximately 2010, there has been a rash of new bolt-hole patterns with uneven spacings. This crib sheet is accurate about incompatibility, but does not necessarily guarantee compatibility, which may depend on more than the bolt-hole pattern. Details about other factors affecting compatibility are on a separate page. Identification using templates With our PDF templates -- example at right -- you can directly check the BCD for all chainrings in commercial production, old and new, of which we know. You identify the bolt pattern by laying a chainring down on a template printout and rotating the chainring until the bolt holes align. The templates also let you quickly determine a chainring's tooth count. The tables at the bottom of this page give dimensions for major brands. Come back to this page to find out which common brands and models use the bolt pattern that you have identified. Measurement using a ruler You may use the tables on this page to measure bolt circles using a ruler. Instructions have been moved to a separate page. Tables of bolt-circle diameters 4-bolt, even spacing 4-bolt, uneven spacing 5-bolt 6- and 3-bolt 4-Bolt Cranks/Chainwheels, even spacing: For uneven spacings, see the next section of this table. Beware of near-matches! Measure! The BCD is 1.414, 1/sin 45°, times the spacing between adjacent holes.BCD (mm)SmallestRingBetween adjacent holes(mm)Application14644103.2Shimano XTR M960 Hollowtech 4-arm outer. 120 36 84.9 SRAM 2 x 10 and XX. Threaded.1123479.2Shimano XTR M950, M952 4-arm middle/outer 110 34 77.8 FSA K-Force Light, Vero Pro1043073.5Shimano XT, LX 4-arm outer 12 SPD, Sugino MX350. Some are threaded. See RaceFace compatibility table.1023272.1Shimano 2003 XTR MX960 4-arm middle, 96 30 67.9 Shimano compact triple cranksets models M782, M672, M622, M612 94 30 66.5 SRAM XO1, X1, GX, NX 90 30 63.6 FSA: K-Force Modular Supercompact, Omega Pro, Powerbox Supercompact Stealth, Road Modular, Vero Pro 88 28 62.2 Shimano M985 68 22 48.1 Shimano XTR M950, M952 4-arm inner,
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